Metaphors in The Monkeys Paw Essays

Allegories in The Monkeys Paw Essays Similitudes in The Monkeys Paw Essay Similitudes in The Monkeys Paw Essay Toward the beginning of the story, the essayist says, â€Å"blinds were drawn, and the fire consumed brightly.† This gives the feeling that the climate is warm, comfortable. It additionally shows that the house is brimming with fun, discussion, and chuckling. We can see that the White family is getting a charge out of each other’s organization. Messing around; engaging a visitor; eating. The air mirrors the adoration and love between the family unit individuals. After Mr. White makes his desire the essayist expressed, â€Å"a quietness abnormal and discouraging chose every one of the three, which went on until the old couple rose to resign for the remainder of the night.† Then the climate in the house changes drastically for the more regrettable. It turns out to be extremely tranquil, frightful and dreary in the house. The monkey’s paw has just begun to impact the bliss of the White family. The air in the house mirrors the sentiments of vulnerability and p remonition in the relatives. After Herbert’s demise, the essayist says that â€Å"the dimness was oppressive† The house has become a position of hopelessness and wretchedness. Dark and vile climate plagues the house. It is chilly, discouraging and loaded with distress. The climate in the house mirrors the anguish and agony of Mr. also, Mrs. White. Toward the beginning of the story, the author says, â€Å"blinds were drawn, and the fire consumed brightly.† This gives the feeling that the environment is warm, comfortable. It additionally shows that the house is loaded with fun, discussion, and chuckling. We can see that the White family is getting a charge out of each other’s organization. Messing around; engaging a visitor; eating. The environment mirrors the adoration and warmth between the relatives. After Mr. White makes his desire the author expressed, â€Å"a quiet abnormal and discouraging chose each of the three, which went on until the old couple rose to resign for the remainder of the night.† Then the climate in the house changes significantly for the more awful. It turns out to be exceptionally calm,

Defining the Symbol1 essays

Characterizing the Symbol1 expositions ?Individuals exist and communicate in a reality which they characterize themselves. Within this reality they utilize social articles, that is, anything utilized between to entertainers in social circumstances that have importance and capacity in that social condition (Charon 46). Numerous social objects are utilized to speak to something different and are deciphered to pass on additionally meaning. These social items are known as images and it is the center of the representative interactionist point of view. Just characterized, an image is something that represents something different. In Sociology, an image is delegated a social article that the individuals from a general public have concurred speaks to an idea, an object, or a perfect that is absent. They are utilized to impart, express goals, speak to items and gatherings and characterize the truth that encompasses us (Charon 46-48). They can be isolated into the classes of referential, expressive, and blended images which can be hindered as both of the past referenced sorts. Referential images are utilized to characterize and order portions of the real world. They can be utilized to speak to an item in its nonattendance. The wordpencil? is promptly deciphered a pole of wood with a graphite center utilized for composing or a mechanical gadget with a similar reason. Presently while the pencil itself is only a social item with a straightforward capacity, the wordpencil? goes about as an image in that it speaks to the physical item. For a bigger scope referential images are utilized to speak to whole gatherings. A red star can be utilized to speak to an ideological group or reasoning (Charon 50). Referential images can likewise be utilized to arrange gatherings, for example, sex. Diana Kendall gives the case of dressing newborn children in specific hues, blue and red for guys and pink and yellow for females, to pass on quickly impart the sex of the kid (Kendall 70). These images are utilized as marks and divisions in the public arena. Expressive images are utilized... <!

Tips For Monster Essay Topics

Tips For Monster Essay TopicsMonster essay topics come in all sizes and ranges. Whether you are doing this for college or high school, this type of essay is extremely important to have. You have to put a lot of thought into it so that it sounds good and represents you well.It is important to know what monster essay topics you should expect to find in your standard essay writing package. When you are writing, try not to be too surprised and put too much emphasis on certain things. When writing, you have to write as if you are actually reading a report. With that in mind, you must first know what the topic will be about.To do this, you will need to research it. There are many sources out there for this information, including internet websites, books, or even the school counselor for your school. You can then narrow down what the topic will be about to make sure that you are able to incorporate the right information into your monster essay.The reason you want to do this is because the s ubject matter of your monster essay topics should really be based on your own research. If you are doing it for class, it should be based on things that will be taught during the class. If you are doing it for your school, it should reflect the general subject matter for that particular course. Whatever the case, you will have to use what you know the best.Monster essay topics should take into account aspects of your personality that you have displayed in the past. This way, it can reflect how you are today and you don't have to worry about whether it will sound good. It should be about what you are like in the present and what you intend to be like in the future.Another aspect to make sure you include in your monster essay topics is things that can tie in with your major. It can be anything from hobbies to careers to anything else that you can think of. This way, it gives you something that ties together with the other things you have to say about.As with everything else, monster e ssay topics should always relate to you as a person. It shouldn't be about yourself or about your family. What you should be including in your monster essay topics is something that you can relate to.Monster essay topics are often tricky to write. It is important to make sure that you are able to incorporate all the different aspects of your personality. If you think that your personality is going to be too one-dimensional, consider trying something different. For example, if you are more outgoing than shy, make sure you include that aspect of yourself in your monster essay topics.

Drug Testing in the Workplace - 1739 Words

Drug Testing in the Workplace: A Costly Mistake Abstract The issue of drug testing in the workplace has sparked an ongoing debate among management. There are many who feel that it is essential to prevent risks to the greater public caused by substance abuse while on the job. However, others believe that the costs far outweigh the benefits and that it is an invasion of privacy. Putting all ethical issues aside, evidence presented in this paper supports the latter. The costs of drug testing are excessive and only a small percentage of employees are actually found to be substance users. Drug testing in the work place has a negative effect on productivity; contrary to what was originally intended. It actually decreases productivity†¦show more content†¦Yet another example of how these drug tests are flawed. The strongest reason for opposing drug testing however, is the invasion of privacy. This occurs primarily in urinalysis, the most common drug screening process. Not only does this violate a persons private life, it can open up, and reveal a number of other ailments that the employee may be suffering and which that individual wishes to hide and keep it to himself. A urinalysis for example can make public such diseases as an employees heart condition, depression, epilepsy, diabetes, and for women the same test can also confirm whether she is pregnant or not. Each of these conditions is a private and personal manner, and the employer has no right to involve itself in these matters. Another argument that proponents of drug testing use is the supposed decrease in productivity. Shepard and Clifton (1998) conducted a study of high tech industries and concluded that managers did not feel that drug testing improved productivity. In fact, it found that companies that have drug testing programs actually exhibited lower productivity levels than similar companies that did not drug test. The reason for this could be a possible perceived concept that management does not trust its employees and the relationship between the employer and the employees suffers greatly. This creates an awkward and hostile environment for everyone in the workplace.Show MoreRelatedDrug Testing And The Workplace1394 Words   |  6 Pagessubstance abuse in the workplace. The implementation of drug testing by companies grew in recent years. American workers have seen a dramatic increase in the use of drug testing in the previous years. Drug testing is implemented to assure safe workplaces for Ame rican workers. Drug testing can reduce the company’s health care and insurance costs. Even though drug testing has become common in the workplace, there is little research that exists regarding this matter. Overall, drug testing affects the decisionsRead MoreDrug Testing in the Workplace1281 Words   |  6 PagesDrug Testing in the Workplace Thesis statement: Administering a drug and alcohol policy can be challenging, but it can also be beneficial to the manufacturing company. I. Administering a drug and alcohol policy can be challenging. A. The company must comply with State and Federal laws when administering the drug and alcohol policy. B. The company must make sure the implementation of the test is done in a uniform manner. C. Some employees may bring law suits against the employerRead MoreDrug And Alcohol Testing On The Workplace1663 Words   |  7 PagesDrug and Alcohol Testing in the Workplace Due: Monday Dec 1, 2014 COMM-220-F Rebecca Walsh By Brett Tate and Brandon Bracko November 17, 14 Introduction People often question drug and alcohol testing in the work place. It is a controversial subject that has a range of mixed emotions. But where do you draw the line when it comes to crossing the boundaries of prying into one’s personal life? This report will explain the legal, and ethical issues surrounding the topic of drug and alcohol testing inRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Testing On The Workplace1540 Words   |  7 Pagesinterview for a job, received a call that they were hired, and then heard their future employer say that they will have to do a drug test before they can start this new job? â€Å"Although many people think that illegal drugs such as marijuana, heroin, cocaine and other street drugs became a problem for youth in the 1960’s the truth of the matter is that there has always been a drug problem in the United States when it comes to substance abuse†(testcountry.org). This past summer I had an interview at RusselRead MoreDrug Testing in the Workplace Essay2964 Words   |  12 PagesDrug Testing in the Workplace Throughout recent years, applicant drug testing has become one of the most prevalently used strategies by many organizations to control substance abuse in the workplace. Drug testing is a selection tool used by organizations to determine whether or not an individual has previously used drugs and/or alcohol. Most employers find that drug testing, if done correctly, is a worthwhile investment associated with increased workplace safety, lower absenteeism, fewer on-the-jobRead More Drug Testing in the Workplace Essay3750 Words   |  15 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Drug testing has become a very big issue for many companies. Approximately eighty-one percent of companies in the United States administer drug testing to their employees. Of these, seventy-seven percent of companies test employees prior to employment. Even with the commonality of drug testing, it is still a practice that is generally limited to larger corporations which have the financial stability, as well as the human resources to effectively carry out a drug testing program. In the UnitedRead MoreDrug Testing and Issues of Privacy at the Workplace753 Words   |  3 PagesDrug Testing Issues of Privacy Drug Testing Issues of Privacy Drug testing in the workplace is a touchy issue for both employers and employees. Employers who drug test current and potential employees do so for several reasons. There are some industries and tasks which are very sensitive because of the material used, or the processes involved in the work, or because the work concerns matters of national security. There are numerous practical reasons for employers to test employees for illegalRead MoreDrug Testing For Workplaces And Government Help891 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: DRUG TESTING Drug Testing: Drug Testing in all Work Places Cassandra C. Shaffer Dabney S. Lancaster Community College ADJ 211, Criminal Law, Evidence and Procedures I 04 September 2016 Abstract â€Æ' Drug Testing for Workplaces and Government Help 1. Definition of the Problem In today’s time and age, you have many work places that do have drug testing but in others you do not have any. The people that do drugs and have a job think that it is okay to do what they are doingRead MoreAgainst Drug Testing In The Workplace Essay1752 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract The issue of drug testing in the workplace has sparked an ongoing debate among management. There are many who feel that it is essential to prevent risks to the greater public caused by substance abuse while on the job. However, others believe that the costs far outweigh the benefits and that it is an invasion of privacy. Putting all ethical issues aside, evidence presented in this paper supports the latter. The costs of drug testing are excessive and only a small percentage of employeesRead MoreEssay about Drug Testing in the Workplace1829 Words   |  8 Pagesensure the safety of all our employees in the latex factory, we ask that you pee in to this plastic cup.† While this may not be the best way to bring about a company’s drug testing policy to a new hire, the fact remains that in most every position today, if no urine sample is given, it translates into â€Å"no job for you!† Drug testing, a once rare and uncommon policy, is now among many employers a requi rement for any new or existing job position. Although seen by some as an infringement on one’s constitutionally

The Relationship Of Jesus And Christians Essay - 1630 Words

Genesis 3:5 tells the reader, â€Å"From the beginning of history, humans have been striving to become like God in knowledge and power† (McQuilkin Copan, 2014, p. 63). Yet this desire was not for good, and was the impetus to the Fall, ultimately separating humanity from God and plunging them into a lifetime of darkness. God provided a set of rules and laws for His chosen people in the Old Testament, guiding them to live a Godly life in the midst of their sinfulness. The birth of Jesus, his death and resurrection provided hope for God’s people, and as one discovers when reading Scripture, his arrival provided hope for all believers who continually fell short of God’s law. This essay will consider the relationship that Jesus and Christians have in regards to the law, the relationship between indicative and imperative in Christian ethics, what legalism is and is not, and finally, the theological relationship between God’s grace and God’s law. Jesus, Christians, and the Law Romans 10:4 (NIV) summarizes Jesus’ relationship to the law: â€Å"Jesus is both the goal of the Mosaic Law and the end or termination of it: (McQuilkin and Copan, 2014, p. 77). In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus explicitly states that he did not come to abolish the Law but to fulfill them (Matthew 5:17). There are four ways that t his is accomplished. First, culminating with Jesus’ coming, the magnitude of the Old Testament was realized (McQuilkin Copan, 2014). Hosea 11:1 initially speaks of Israel as the sonShow MoreRelatedJesus Relationship On The Law And The Christian Believer s Relationship1328 Words   |  6 Pages1. Explain Jesus relationship to the law and the Christian believer s relationship to the law. Jesus is the fulfiller of the law, meaning that he came to carry out God’s promises in the covenant as well as the prophet’s prediction of the coming messiah. Jesus fulfilled the law of the Ten Commandments by never sinning even when tempted forty days and forty nights. It is important to note that he did not discipline himself in all of the Jewish laws like working on the Sabbath or eating certainRead MoreChristian Worldview As A Student1448 Words   |  6 PagesThe Christian Worldview as a Student Christian worldview opens the doors to the mind of students and cultures from all around the world. In this course, topics from who is God or what is the reality of human nature is gone through. Giving the student the ability to weigh his or her personal views against the Christian worldview presented, not persuade or to change their views but to give a chance to develop their individual views while searching for the reasons for their worldview. From the individualRead MoreThe Gospel Essentials : The Christian Religion Essay1688 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gospel Essentials The Christian religion finds its foundation on the Word of God and the work of Jesus Christ. Christianity finds its beginnings with Jesus Christ about 2,000 years ago. Jesus Christ, the Son of God, came down to earth to teach, heal, and die for the sins of humanity. When God created man, he openly rebelled against God, causing a rift in their relationship. Since humans cannot save themselves, a perfect and completely innocent sacrifice was necessary in order to purify and restoreRead MoreThe Gospel Essentials : The Christian Religion Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gospel Essentials The Christian religion finds its foundation on the Word of God and the work of Jesus Christ. Christianity finds its beginnings with Jesus Christ about 2,000 years ago, when he, the Son of God, came down to earth to teach, heal, and die for the sins of humanity. After God created man, man openly rebelled against Him, causing a rift in their relationship. Since humans cannot save themselves, a perfect and completely innocent sacrifice was necessary in order to purify and restoreRead MoreThe Foundational Components Of Christianity1691 Words   |  7 Pagesmeans to be a Christian. Some think it is their heritage and they were automatically born a Christian. Others describe it as their social duty to be religious and attend church, and still others say they have a personal relationship with Jesus as their savior. With so many definitions floating around it is important to look at the cornerstones of Christianity and what exactly it entails. This paper will examine the foundational compon ents of Christianity, an analysis of the Christian worldview, andRead MoreThe Important Elements Of The Christian Worldview And Specific Topics Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesEssentials This paper will focus on the important elements of the Christian worldview and specific topics. The paper will go into more detail on the topics that will be discussed in the paper. In the paper there will also be analysis and reflection from my own personal worldview as well. The main focus of this paper will be on God, humanity, Jesus, and restoration by analyzing and reflecting on each of the different topic. The Christian Worldview God God is the almighty creator who created the earthRead MoreChristology For The New Millennium Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead. Peter explicitly connects Jesus’ resurrection with our regeneration or new birth (1 Peter 1:3-4). When Jesus rose from the dead, he had a new quality of life, a â€Å"resurrection life† in a human body and the human spirit that were perfectly suited for fellowship also obedience to God forever. In his resurrection, Jesus earned for us a new life. Notably, we do not receive all the new â€Å"resurrection life† when we become Christians, for our bodies remainRead MoreThe Bible : The God Of Creation1013 Words   |  5 Pageshave a message and come across to Christians that relate to their life. The bible is one book with many events that tells one big story. There are five acts of the biblical metanarrative consists of which are, Act I: The God of Creation, Act II: Sin Enters the World, Act III: God Covenants with Israel, Act IV: Jesus and the New Covenant, and Act V: The Fellowship of believers. Each of these Acts have stories about the life of Jesus that has a meaning Christians relate to. Act I: The God of CreationRead MoreChristology For The New Millennium Essay1485 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead. Peter explicitly connects Jesus’ resurrection with our regeneration or new birth (1 Peter 1:3-4). When Jesus rose from the dead he had a new quality of life, a â€Å"resurrection life† in a human body and human spirit that were perfectly suited for fellowship also obedience to God forever. In his resurrection, Jesus earned for us a new life. Notably, we do not receive all the new â€Å"resurrection life† when we become Christians, for our bodies remain asRead MoreGrace And Law Theological Reflection Essay1126 Words   |  5 Pagesarticulate the relationship between God’s grace and God’s law as it applies to Christian ethics in four areas. Jesus’ relationship to the law and the Christian believer’s relationship to the law. Jesus himself told us his relationship to the law. In Matthew 5:17 he stated, â€Å"Don t even begin to think that I have come to do away with the Law and the Prophets. I haven t come to do away with them but to fulfill them.† (CEB) The Old Testament’s significance found fruition in the life of Jesus. He fulfilled

Labor Market Trends Free Essays

Most of the economic analysts argue that trend of the labor market can be characterized as a dynamic one, meaning on a constant change, and its dynamism can be attributed to the changing economic performance of the market and some other factors that imposes an effect to the labor market. During the time when the economy is in good or bad condition, the behavior of the labor market is very different on every scenario. By understanding the trend of the labor force would mean, for the policy makers, having the capacity of predict the level and skills of the labor force that will be available in the economy and on how they will utilize its number to attain the societal goal as a whole. We will write a custom essay sample on Labor Market Trends or any similar topic only for you Order Now An economy having a surplus or a deficit of laborers would certainly bring costs and benefits. This is the reason why the labor market trends should be monitored form time to time. Factors affecting the labor market pattern should also be considered. Technology, government policy and the like must also be included into attention for it imposes either direct and/or indirect effects to the labor market trends. In the technological world that we are now living, it is ordinary for the economy to demand for new skills, job opportunities and new line of labor in order to suffice the need of the modern kind of living. With the complexity of the economy as time goes by, the policy makers has to monitor the demand and supply of low skilled and high skilled workers to protect the welfare of the majority while maximizing the profitability of the economy as a whole. As for the companies that plan to hire workers, it is necessary for them to understand the trend in the labor market for them to determine the level of education the available worker has and to set their standards based from the given information (Marcotte, 1991). This paper aims to discuss the current labor trend such as the trends for new jobs and its relationship to career development by relating an article about labor market trend to the existing one. Labor Market Trend Employment rate, wage rate, growth rate of the industries and the required level of education for an individual to have a work are just a few of the factors that should be considered in identifying the current trend in the labor market. According to the article of Fix, he talked about the reason of the increase in the demand for the laborers in the late 1990’s due to the sustainable growth in the US and globalization in the economy that even the low skilled workers and single mothers are hired to suffice the demand for the laborers. With this we can see that economic forces affect the trend in the labor market. The higher the investments in economy, the greater the number of possible job opportunity for that certain employment line. One example to this is the current high demand of the nurses in many parts of the world, because of this; most of the undergraduate students tend to study nursing in order to have a better career, get a better salary and so forth. It is understood that if a certain job line is in demand, there would be always a high wage rate, lot of benefits and â€Å"nice† employment terms and agreement. This is what has been the behavior of the students when choosing their undergraduate courses (Amirault, 1990). Government policies also play a vital role in affecting the trend in the labor market. Those job lines that have greater benefits compared to the others as mandated by the law would surely gain higher demand from the laborers (International-Labour-Organization, 2000). The government must also monitor their minimum wage rate to prevent their workers to migrate abroad. Migration of the skilled workers would greatly affect the economic performance of the country for it makes the country to have fewer workers in performing various economic roles. Wage rate must be set in balance in order to attract the workers to stay and work in the domestic market (Fix, 2002). The booming of a certain industry would also affect the current trend in the labor market for it attracts laborers to apply into that industry (Fix, 2002). One example into this is the impressive growth of the cellular phone industry in the south-east Asia and because of this, the tendency of the labor pool is to have a vocational course on electronics since there is a great demand for the said line of job. Cellular phone technicians also became in demand in the economy. Effects of the Globalization to Labor Market Trend Globalization has already been attributed to various negative effects that developed countries now experiencing. One of the main arguments of the analysts is that under globalization, multinational corporations are exporting laborers from the developed to developing countries through the aid of the â€Å"foreign direct investments† (International-Labour-Organization, 2000). When a certain corporation made its investment abroad, it brings with them some of the top skilled workers to supervise the operation of the new company branch in another country. In this case, all the skills of the imported laborers will benefit the country where the capitals are invested. And not only that, the host country could also benefit from the additional job opportunity that the company will offer to the labor market. Under the trade liberalization, the government is giving the consumers pieces of advice to prefer more the goods produced from abroad than with the locally produced one (International-Labour-Organization, 2000). With this, the local industry will find it hard to compete with the imported goods in terms of price and quality, therefore, harming the laborer since there is a possibility for them to be laid off to cut production costs on the part of the local industry. The increasing use of machineries and other advanced technological process to speed up the production made some laborers to loose their jobs since company owners prefer the most the machineries over the human labor for the former is more effective and efficient in working. Industries became more and more independent to technology in making their products produce faster and of great volume according to the International Labour Organization. It is therefore crucial for the government to regulate and protect the welfare of those laborers that might get harmed by their actions. Conclusion Based from the above statements and facts, we can clearly see that economic growth imposes negative effects to the trend in the labor market. The importation of the skilled workers leaves the importing country with less competitive laborers while letting the other countries to gain the benefits that are supposedly for the economy of the host country; and the preference of the imported goods than with the locally produced, harms not only the industry but also the laborers, for they could suffer from a decrease in their salary, or worse, loss their jobs. The behavior of the students in choosing a course also affects the future trend in the labor market. The number of demands for every job line serves as an attraction to the students. This would later on makes the supply of laborers on other job lines to turn down. The imbalance in the supply of the laborers in the economy could cause market turmoil and this should be prevented by the government to happen. The wage rate of the laborers especially the â€Å"low profiled† one must be monitored and evaluated often to ensure the welfare of those who are in need. As we all know, they compose the majority of the number of available workers in the market and by protecting their welfare would mean preserving the good working relationship of the workers and the market. Today labor unions play and have power to fight for the stake of the laborers in the economy and having trouble with them can greatly affect the economic performance of the country. A day mass demonstrations and strikes of the laborers could cause the loss of millions of dollars in terms of production of nay industry. The importance of understanding the trend in the labor market would really help every sector in the economy. REFERENCES Amirault, T. A. (1990). Labor market trends for new college graduates [Electronic Version]. Retrieved June 15, 2007 from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1155/is_n3_v34/ai_9325762. Fix, D. S. N. a. M. (2002). Economic and Labor Market Trends [Electronic Version]. Retrieved June 15, 2007. International-Labour-Organization. (2000). Labour Market Trends and Globalization’s Impact on Them [Electronic Version]. Retrieved June 15, 2007 from http://www.itcilo.it/actrav/actrav-english/telearn/global/ilo/seura/mains.htm. Marcotte, D. E. (1991). Learning in the Labor Market: The Changing Importance of Education and Training After â€Å"Formal† Schooling Ends [Electronic Version]. Retrieved June 15, 2007 from http://ncrve.berkeley.edu/Summaries/1275sum.html. ; ; How to cite Labor Market Trends, Essay examples

Outline the main changes in Western Latin Christendom between AD 910 and 1085 Essay Example

Outline the main changes in Western Latin Christendom between AD 910 and 1085 Essay The 10th and 11th Centuries contained some of the most important changes in Western Latin Christendom in its existence. These changes have left the Church and Europe more recognisable as the establishments we know today. The most obvious of these were the reform movements in the later part of the 10th and 11th Centuries, which climaxed under Leo IX and Gregory V11. There were also several equally important but subtly different changes which contributed to the greater part of this reform. An example of this is the evangelical revival that leads to a growth in religious life, and a cleansing of the Church which climaxed in the Orthodox Schism, and the investiture contest between the Pope and the Emperor of Germany.The reform movements of the 10h and 11th Centuries sought out a moral reform whereby lay rulers would appoint good men as priests and Bishops, who would in turn hasten the reform. The movements also aimed to stop corruption in the Church, especially the sin of simony, which w as the purchasing or selling of sacred things, e.g. Holy orders. At around 1000 AD the Church was predominantly governed by lay people, who built the Churches or monasteries on their land, and consequently felt that they had the right to appoint the next priest or abbot, this became known as lay investiture, and in this sense the Church became privatised. This posed a series of problems for the Church, the most serious of which were revenues, as the revenues that it should have been receiving were going back to the families who owned the land, rather than back to the Church.Subsequently religious communities were loosing out as this lose of revenues meant that there was a decline in the qualities of their lives, and so undermined the idea of religious life, and as a further consequences there were increasing cases of simony and married priests. The result of these problems was that by the 10th century many priests, monks, and nuns were not happy, and this led to a series of reform m ovements, through several different communities and people.The first stage of this reform was found at the monastery of Cluny in France. Founded in 910AD Cluny was a reformed Benedictine monastery. The monks tried to revive the liturgical life of the order, concentrating on the divine office and the arts e.g. plainsong. Cluny became the centre of a series of smaller monasteries, and started the first real monastic order. As a result of this, the Abbot of Cluny was exceptionally powerful and was able to influence the rest of the Christendom in a very monastic way, the Abbots of Cluny especially took a strong stance against married priests and simony.Around the year 1000 there was a strong evangelical revival, this was based on the general belief that in the year 1000 Christ would come again. The result of this was a surge in the revival of the Church, and a strong determination to return to the purity of the early Church, this led to a rapid growth in monasteries and several new orde rs of monks emerged most notably the Carthusians. There were two main fronts for this revival.The first was through the work of individuals such as Peter Damain, and Romauld of Ravenna. These were two very influential figures in the 10th and 11th Centuries. Damain was described as: A reformer of clerical laxity and a champion of eremitical and ascetic discipline.1 He had exceptional knowledge of canon law and was used by the Pope as a legate on several occasions. He wrote a book on his predecessor Romauld of Ravenna who was a hermit monk and another highly influential figure: You would think that he (Romauld) was trying to turn the whole world and to involve the entire Church in his project of monastic reform2 Romauld went on to found the Camaldolese order of hermit monks.Another approach to the reform was through Canon law, this was the study of collections of early laws that described how the Catholic Church should be governed. The largest of these collections was owned by Burchar d of Worms, and was called the decretum. The idea of Canon law attracted great interest as they suggested that in the past the Church had governed itself, and so provided support to the reformers over the issue of Lay investiture It was later used by the Pope and the reformers as a way of giving theological support to their arguments over Sacred Kings.At the beginning of the reform movements both the Pope and the emperor worked together, in 1012 Henry II appointed Pope Benedict VIII; and they worked well together to reform the Church. This worked because they could reinforce the reform, as Henry was able to back up the Popes decrees in his own kingdom. In 1046 however, there was a new problem, and at the Synod of Sutri the new Emperor Henry III had to resolve another Papal dispute, this time he appointed his own Pope Clement II, Clement however dies quickly and Henry appoints Leo IX. Leo had a strong personality and lots of energy; he is convinced that God sent him to route out simo ny. He held 11 reforming councils in 5 Years, the first, which was held in 1949 in Rome aimed to Route out simony. Another held in Reims asked 20 Bishops and 40 Abbots to declare whether they were guilty of simony. All the bishops who didnt turn up were deposed. Several other reforming councils were held e.g. At Poitiers they agree that Priests and deacons should not live with women, and at Ingelheim they agreed that laymen could not expel or appoint clergy.Leo IX however had a serious problem in South Italy; the Normans had invaded and were encroaching into Papal land. Leo IX planned to stand up to them but at the battle of Civilate in 1053 he suffers a humiliating defeat and was captured, he is finally released; however he is a broken man. In 1054 he holds another reforming council in South Italy; this however causes an argument with the Byzantines who also owned a large area of Southern Italy. At this time there are strong tensions between Latins and the Greeks, they disagreed ov er the role of the Papacy and the Holy Spirit. In 1054 this argument got out of hand, and eventually Cardinal Humbert was sent to Byzantium to excommunicate the Patriarch of Constantinople, who in turn excommunicated the Pope this was the beginning of the East-West Schism. Leo dies shortly afterwards, and soon after Henry III also dies leaving behind a 6 month old son to rule.The reformers see this as an opportunity to get rid of lay investiture; this was particularly attacked by Cardinal Humbert who called for an end to lay domination as it caused moral and financial abuses among clergy. The next three Popes tried to push forward the idea that Christendom should be ruled by the Papacy. In 1959 Pope Nicholas II issued a precedent saying the new pope was to be elected through a College of Cardinals, this eliminated the power of the German King. When Henry IV claimed the crown in 1071 he found himself in a much weaker position than his father had left him. In 1072 there was a disputed election, Pope Alexander II backed one side Henry IV backed the other, each side saw the balance of power and neither side was prepared to back down, however before the dispute could be settled Alexander died, and Gregory VII was elected Pope.Gregory was a devoted man who was devoted to St Peters rights, and held the view that Peters Church would be the mother of all churches. He was however a very controversial figure, 26 German bishops and the German emperor agreed that Gregory was not Pope but a false monk3 and called on him to resign. Gregory however intensified his campaign on for moral reform challenging the idea of Sacred Kingship saying that the clergy should be elected. He called on the lay people not to accept ministry from those known to be guilty of Simony or sexual acts. In 1075 he forbade the clergy to accept investiture into office from a layman, he put his ideas into pamphlets which he sent round Christendom, however his opponents simply destroyed them. In 1076 Greg ory excommunicated Henry IV for trying to dispose of a Synod of imperial bishops, the result of this was that Henry IV could not function and a rebellion broke out. In January 1077 Henry went to see the Pope in Italy dressed only in his nightshirt to beg reconciliation. Gregory granted it, however he reserved the right to judge Henry at a later date. After this Henry soon regained power, and in 1080 a new conflict broke out, this time when Henry was excommunicated he simply seized Rome and the pope was forced to flee south with the Normans where he died in 1085.Even though Henry elected a Pope: Clement III the papacy had broken away from lay control. The Reformers elected their own popes who were accepted by the rest of the Church. Henry struggled to regain control but failed, eventually it came to a compromise, the King agreed not to invest in the Papacy; however the king was allowed to be present in the elections of Bishops and Abbots. In Europe the Lay rulers power over the Churc h was limited but not abolished.The result of this reform was clear, within society there was a shift towards the Church, and the attack on the sacred kingship was successful. The prestige of the Papacy increased dramatically, however the papal victory appeared more complete within the Church. The pope made a series of declarations known as the dictatus papae which outlined the main development of the Church over the next two centuries. The Reformers made a new vision of the Church in which the Clergy were separated from the hierarchal chain that stretched from God to humanity. The reform however was not just for Kings and Popes, many ordinary citizens were forced to make religious choices, which were made more difficult in that for as long as people could remember anointed Kings had ruled the church, but were held in the balance, because the Pope had a more powerful theological argument based on Canon Law.In the end the reforms added a new level of tension and a new dimension of a new level of life which we can still see in Christendom today. The position of the Pope became much more similar to the view we have of him today, and the Church got rid of the idea of Sacred Kingship which would be brought up in Britain at a later date under Henry VIII. The Reformers had successfully brought the Church out of a difficult moral situation and created a modern yet classical opinion of the Church, and started many traditions which are still around today. Outline the main changes in Western Latin Christendom between AD 910 and 1085 Essay Example Outline the main changes in Western Latin Christendom between AD 910 and 1085 Essay The 10th and 11th Centuries contained some of the most important changes in Western Latin Christendom in its existence. These changes have left the Church and Europe more recognisable as the establishments we know today. The most obvious of these were the reform movements in the later part of the 10th and 11th Centuries, which climaxed under Leo IX and Gregory V11. There were also several equally important but subtly different changes which contributed to the greater part of this reform. An example of this is the evangelical revival that leads to a growth in religious life, and a cleansing of the Church which climaxed in the Orthodox Schism, and the investiture contest between the Pope and the Emperor of Germany.The reform movements of the 10h and 11th Centuries sought out a moral reform whereby lay rulers would appoint good men as priests and Bishops, who would in turn hasten the reform. The movements also aimed to stop corruption in the Church, especially the sin of simony, which w as the purchasing or selling of sacred things, e.g. Holy orders. At around 1000 AD the Church was predominantly governed by lay people, who built the Churches or monasteries on their land, and consequently felt that they had the right to appoint the next priest or abbot, this became known as lay investiture, and in this sense the Church became privatised. This posed a series of problems for the Church, the most serious of which were revenues, as the revenues that it should have been receiving were going back to the families who owned the land, rather than back to the Church.Subsequently religious communities were loosing out as this lose of revenues meant that there was a decline in the qualities of their lives, and so undermined the idea of religious life, and as a further consequences there were increasing cases of simony and married priests. The result of these problems was that by the 10th century many priests, monks, and nuns were not happy, and this led to a series of reform m ovements, through several different communities and people.The first stage of this reform was found at the monastery of Cluny in France. Founded in 910AD Cluny was a reformed Benedictine monastery. The monks tried to revive the liturgical life of the order, concentrating on the divine office and the arts e.g. plainsong. Cluny became the centre of a series of smaller monasteries, and started the first real monastic order. As a result of this, the Abbot of Cluny was exceptionally powerful and was able to influence the rest of the Christendom in a very monastic way, the Abbots of Cluny especially took a strong stance against married priests and simony.Around the year 1000 there was a strong evangelical revival, this was based on the general belief that in the year 1000 Christ would come again. The result of this was a surge in the revival of the Church, and a strong determination to return to the purity of the early Church, this led to a rapid growth in monasteries and several new orde rs of monks emerged most notably the Carthusians. There were two main fronts for this revival.The first was through the work of individuals such as Peter Damain, and Romauld of Ravenna. These were two very influential figures in the 10th and 11th Centuries. Damain was described as: A reformer of clerical laxity and a champion of eremitical and ascetic discipline.1 He had exceptional knowledge of canon law and was used by the Pope as a legate on several occasions. He wrote a book on his predecessor Romauld of Ravenna who was a hermit monk and another highly influential figure: You would think that he (Romauld) was trying to turn the whole world and to involve the entire Church in his project of monastic reform2 Romauld went on to found the Camaldolese order of hermit monks.Another approach to the reform was through Canon law, this was the study of collections of early laws that described how the Catholic Church should be governed. The largest of these collections was owned by Burchar d of Worms, and was called the decretum. The idea of Canon law attracted great interest as they suggested that in the past the Church had governed itself, and so provided support to the reformers over the issue of Lay investiture It was later used by the Pope and the reformers as a way of giving theological support to their arguments over Sacred Kings.At the beginning of the reform movements both the Pope and the emperor worked together, in 1012 Henry II appointed Pope Benedict VIII; and they worked well together to reform the Church. This worked because they could reinforce the reform, as Henry was able to back up the Popes decrees in his own kingdom. In 1046 however, there was a new problem, and at the Synod of Sutri the new Emperor Henry III had to resolve another Papal dispute, this time he appointed his own Pope Clement II, Clement however dies quickly and Henry appoints Leo IX. Leo had a strong personality and lots of energy; he is convinced that God sent him to route out simo ny. He held 11 reforming councils in 5 Years, the first, which was held in 1949 in Rome aimed to Route out simony. Another held in Reims asked 20 Bishops and 40 Abbots to declare whether they were guilty of simony. All the bishops who didnt turn up were deposed. Several other reforming councils were held e.g. At Poitiers they agree that Priests and deacons should not live with women, and at Ingelheim they agreed that laymen could not expel or appoint clergy.Leo IX however had a serious problem in South Italy; the Normans had invaded and were encroaching into Papal land. Leo IX planned to stand up to them but at the battle of Civilate in 1053 he suffers a humiliating defeat and was captured, he is finally released; however he is a broken man. In 1054 he holds another reforming council in South Italy; this however causes an argument with the Byzantines who also owned a large area of Southern Italy. At this time there are strong tensions between Latins and the Greeks, they disagreed ov er the role of the Papacy and the Holy Spirit. In 1054 this argument got out of hand, and eventually Cardinal Humbert was sent to Byzantium to excommunicate the Patriarch of Constantinople, who in turn excommunicated the Pope this was the beginning of the East-West Schism. Leo dies shortly afterwards, and soon after Henry III also dies leaving behind a 6 month old son to rule.The reformers see this as an opportunity to get rid of lay investiture; this was particularly attacked by Cardinal Humbert who called for an end to lay domination as it caused moral and financial abuses among clergy. The next three Popes tried to push forward the idea that Christendom should be ruled by the Papacy. In 1959 Pope Nicholas II issued a precedent saying the new pope was to be elected through a College of Cardinals, this eliminated the power of the German King. When Henry IV claimed the crown in 1071 he found himself in a much weaker position than his father had left him. In 1072 there was a disputed election, Pope Alexander II backed one side Henry IV backed the other, each side saw the balance of power and neither side was prepared to back down, however before the dispute could be settled Alexander died, and Gregory VII was elected Pope.Gregory was a devoted man who was devoted to St Peters rights, and held the view that Peters Church would be the mother of all churches. He was however a very controversial figure, 26 German bishops and the German emperor agreed that Gregory was not Pope but a false monk3 and called on him to resign. Gregory however intensified his campaign on for moral reform challenging the idea of Sacred Kingship saying that the clergy should be elected. He called on the lay people not to accept ministry from those known to be guilty of Simony or sexual acts. In 1075 he forbade the clergy to accept investiture into office from a layman, he put his ideas into pamphlets which he sent round Christendom, however his opponents simply destroyed them. In 1076 Greg ory excommunicated Henry IV for trying to dispose of a Synod of imperial bishops, the result of this was that Henry IV could not function and a rebellion broke out. In January 1077 Henry went to see the Pope in Italy dressed only in his nightshirt to beg reconciliation. Gregory granted it, however he reserved the right to judge Henry at a later date. After this Henry soon regained power, and in 1080 a new conflict broke out, this time when Henry was excommunicated he simply seized Rome and the pope was forced to flee south with the Normans where he died in 1085.Even though Henry elected a Pope: Clement III the papacy had broken away from lay control. The Reformers elected their own popes who were accepted by the rest of the Church. Henry struggled to regain control but failed, eventually it came to a compromise, the King agreed not to invest in the Papacy; however the king was allowed to be present in the elections of Bishops and Abbots. In Europe the Lay rulers power over the Churc h was limited but not abolished.The result of this reform was clear, within society there was a shift towards the Church, and the attack on the sacred kingship was successful. The prestige of the Papacy increased dramatically, however the papal victory appeared more complete within the Church. The pope made a series of declarations known as the dictatus papae which outlined the main development of the Church over the next two centuries. The Reformers made a new vision of the Church in which the Clergy were separated from the hierarchal chain that stretched from God to humanity. The reform however was not just for Kings and Popes, many ordinary citizens were forced to make religious choices, which were made more difficult in that for as long as people could remember anointed Kings had ruled the church, but were held in the balance, because the Pope had a more powerful theological argument based on Canon Law.In the end the reforms added a new level of tension and a new dimension of a new level of life which we can still see in Christendom today. The position of the Pope became much more similar to the view we have of him today, and the Church got rid of the idea of Sacred Kingship which would be brought up in Britain at a later date under Henry VIII. The Reformers had successfully brought the Church out of a difficult moral situation and created a modern yet classical opinion of the Church, and started many traditions which are still around today.

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek essays

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek essays Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (layu-wen-hook) was born in Delft, a city in the western Netherlands, on October 24, 1632. His father was a basket-maker, while his mother's family were brewers. Antoni was educated as a child in a school in the town of Warmond. In 1676 he served as the trustee of the estate for Jan Vermeer, a famous painter, who had had been born in the same year as Leeuwenhoek and is thought to have been friends with him. Also some time before 1668, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek learned to grind lenses, and made simple microscopes, and began observing with them. He seems to have been inspired to take up microscopy after having seen a copy of Robert Hookes illustrated book Micrographia, which illustrated Hooke's own observations with the microscope and was very popular Leeuwenhoek used double-convex lenses mounted between brass plates and held close to the eye. He viewed objects on pinheads, magnifying them up to 300 times this a lot better than any earlier compound microscopes. In 1668 he confirmed and developed the discovery by Italian anatomist Marcello Malpighi of the capillary systems, he showed how the red corpuscles circulated through the capillaries of a rabbit's ear and the web of a frog's foot. In 1674 Leeuwenhoek gave the first accurate description of red blood corpuscles. Leeuwenhoek was not a good artist so he hired an illustrator to prepare drawings of the things he saw, to go with his written descriptions. Later he observed what he called animalcules, which today are known as protozoa and bacteria in pond water, rainwater, and in human saliva. In addition in 1677 he described the spermatozoa of both insects and humans. He was the first to observe human sperm under the microscope. Leeuwenhoek believed that sperm contained a child in miniature, which grew larger inside the females body. Two centuries of experiment and debate followed. Then in 1879, with the use of imp ...

Studying Abroad Just Go For It! [Interview]

Studying Abroad Just Go For It! [Interview] Have you thought of studying abroad? Probably, yes. However, most likely you are not sitting right now at your laptop in some European country reading this post. That means you are not using your opportunities to spend a semester at some country youve never visited, to learn about their culture and their education. Why are you still in doubt? Probably there are some questions on studying abroad which still bother you and keep you from applying for the program. We decided to help you with that and interview a student who already used her studying abroad opportunity. Judy Su is one of the applicants of Danish Institute for Study Abroad program. She has recently got back home from Copenhagen, where she studied graphic design. She kindly agreed to answer several questions about her time spent in Denmark and share her impressions about the experience she had. We started from the most basic question: How did you decide to apply for studying abroad? I go to the University of Michigan, where study abroad is required for Art Design students. I decided to apply to the Danish Institute for Study Abroad because Ive always admired Scandinavian design, and because my University has a good relationship with theirs. So, making a decision was not a problem for you. What about the application? Is the study abroad application process competitive? To my knowledge it wasnt too competitive given our schools requirement, but the application did include questions about my GPA and required a transcript. Next step after the application is preparation for the trip. A bit of packing advice from Judy: Less clothes, only pictures (no souvenirs) from home, less art supplies. So, your trip started and you arived in Copenhagen. What were the barriers youve faced at first? Obviously, the language. I was lucky that in Copenhagen, nearly everyone speaks English very well. Despite that, all the signs that appear on the streets, public transportation, and in grocery stores (among many other places) are entirely in Danish, so I had to piece things together the best I could. What about other cultural differences youve noticed? It appears that mainly the small things you dont really think about are the most interesting cultural differences. For example, there were bicycles everywhere. It was interesting to get used to looking out for bikes more so than for cars when crossing the street. Another interesting difference is that Danes will almost always wait to cross the street until the walk signal is displayed. Jaywalking results in a lot of glares from those waiting. Lets talk a bit about your studies. What subjects have you studied? Visual Journal, Photojournalism, European Art of the 20th Century, and Graphic Design Studio as my core course. What were the most interesting tasks/projects? In my Graphic Design studio, we were designing an identity for Copenhagen Harbor Farming. For my Photojournalism project, I had an assignment to photograph someone Danish for the semester. We also went for field trips for European Art and Graphic Design. For European Art, we went to Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek to look at their Gauguin collection. Did you get writing assignments while studying in Denmark? What kind of them? Besides being an official blogger for the school, I also did some writing for classes. They were pretty standard papers; I took an art history class, so the majority were for that class. Do they have strict plagiarism policy in college? Does it differ from US plagiarism policies? Yes, but my school was a school specifically for study abroad students, so they followed standard US plagiarism policies. I cant imagine plagiarism rules would be any different in other countries. Youve posted weekly plans in your blog. Did they help you manage your time? The weekly goals were more for me to make the most of my time while I was abroad. I wanted to make sure I didnt miss out on anything that I wanted to see, because I didnt know when I would ever be back. What helped you make your studying more effective? I always found it difficult to get things done in my room (I was sharing my room with two other girls), so I would go to the school and finish work up there. By the way, Judy described her accomodation at Copenhagen on her blog. (quote) The three of us share a bedroom. There are also two bathrooms in my hall. There are people on the floor who have singles too, and all of us have keys to our individual rooms. My building is much more apartment style, so you are living independently†¦ Keep in mind though, there are some DRCs that are more dorm style. Some of the building rules can be a challenge to get used to, especially if you’re used to living in a house or off-campus. In a DRC, you will have an RA, and you will have to follow rules regarding quiet hours, chore rotations, and guests. Would the experience of studying abroad be relevant for your future profession? In what way? Oh, absolutely! I studied graphic design as my core course, and learning about it through an international lens is such a valuable experience. It makes you much more aware of the background and perceptions of your work, and Im glad I was able to learn it this way. In addition, I was just exposed to so much thats different from what I used to see in the States. That definitely helped for drawing inspiration. On her return home in Michigan, US, Judy wrote on her blog: Things here seem kind of like they always have, and it’s only the little things that remind me my semester in Copenhagen wasn’t just a dream. So, we decided to ask Judy: How would you describe your Copenhagen time in just one sentence? Going abroad was one of the most exciting and eye-opening experiences Ive ever had. As a final question, please, give some advice for all the students who are considering to study abroad. Just go for it! I have never heard of anyone who regretted going abroad. Once youre there, make sure you make the most of your time. Studying abroad is such a great opportunity, and you wont want to miss a thing! Thanks, Judy Su, for such an inspirational advice and interesting interview! Hopefully, the thoughts of this cheerful design student will change minds of our readers and help them make the right decision on studying abroad.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual Essay

What are the advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction in animals - Essay Example Division of the zygote takes place repeatedly resulting to the growth of an embryo. This embryo grows inside the female or outside in other animals into multi cellular organism. As a result of the shared genetic information in sexual reproduction by the gametes, the off spring produced contains variety. This constitutes part of the advantages of sexual reproduction since the genetic variation gives the species an advantageous element of survival. Furthermore, genetic variation results to evolution of species which form better organisms (Kent, 2000). This species have better surviving traits in the unstable environments. Species which reproduce sexually have low extinction rates. This is beneficial as it ensures continuity of population. Sexual reproduction has several disadvantages. To this end, the need to have both male and female mate for reproduction is some time inconveniencing since both may not be willing (Rinkevich & Matranga, 2009). It also consumes excessive time and energy to look for a suitable partner. Moreover, there is no assurance after fertilization that the nucleus cell of male will fuse with the female cell. .Furthermore, counter-productive genetic combination conditions should be stable. Asexual reproduction involves one organism producing an offspring identical to it genetically. It requires one parent to reproduce. In single celled organisms the parent cells are split into two cells’ with equal content by binary fission. Multi-cellular organisms use a process known as mitosis to split cells into cells with equal number of chromosomes. Asexual reproduction has several advantages. One, it is very beneficial to the types of animals that stay in one area or not able to look for mates to reproduce. The fact that asexual reproduction does not need mating of female and male gives is advantageous to these animals as they are able to reproduce as they are. Another advantage, since no need to find a mate many off springs are produces

Museum Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Museum Paper - Essay Example There are various writings on the coffin that indicate of the mummy’s social identity as a fertility god. The major aspect of the writing is the prayer that ensures that Irethorrou is supposed to receive meals that entail of â€Å"good and pure things† to achieve its eternity. The lineage of Irethorrou is outlined on the coffin, and tis includes of the Akhimim city. Based on the information written on the coffin, we note that Irethorrou was a wardrobe-priest, responsible for caring for the god’s statue. This means that the Egyptians purified the statue, cleaned it adnd clothed it on a daily schedule. The major aim of Irethorrou was to specialize in fumeal rituals, since he was a servant of the funerary duty Osiris-Sokar. The mummy boy is wrapped in linen and it has amulets made of stones. They are positioned strategically at crucial points on the swaddling linen. It is important to note that the positioning of the amulets in the linen layer close to the body is described to posses’ magical effects that are connected to the Egyptian belief in resurrection. The amulets are placed on the Mummy in a manner that enables individuals to realize the traditions associated with the treatment of the head. These aim at reawakening and reanimating the body. We note that there are amulets placed on the right eye of Irethorrou, and they have direct associations with the atef god. The deities are situated together with a belief that they will work in a speeded and secure manner to ensure that Irethorrou resurrects. However, we note that the life and death of Irethorrou is not indicated however, it is estimated that the mummy lived to be around forty to fifty years. The cause of his death is not identified although various bumps on its back skin characterize the infection of a deadly disease. The Cantor Arts Center is an art collection center that entails of different works from the entire globe. The collections usually

Dramatic Tension in An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestly Essay -- Engli

How does J.B. Priestly create dramatic tension in An Inspector Calls? In "An Inspector Calls," dramatic, tension is created in many ways. First of all is Conflict. There is conflict within the family initially. This is mainly in the generations; Mr Birling isn't particularly proud of his son Eric and so he isn't as kind to him as he is to other members of the family. Just keep quiet Eric. As you can see, he doesn't really respect him at all. This is what Mr. Birling says to Eric after Eric asks if it was because of Mr. Birling firing Eva that she committed suicide. Rubbish! If you don't come down sharply on some of these people, they'd soon be asking for the earth. This is Mr. Birling's response after Eric tells him that he wouldn't have fired Eva. Eric is implying here that Mr. Birling was over-reacting in throwing her out, and that he should have kept her working there. After this, Eric once again brings the topic up that Mr. Birling shouldn't have fired Eva. Eric says this: And I don't see why she should have been sacked just because she'd a bit more spirit than the others. This is how Mr. Birling replies to that comment: (Rather angrily) Unless you brighten your ideas, you'll never be in a position to let anyone stay or to tell anybody to go. It's about time you learnt to face a few responsibilities. Mr. Birling saying this shows that he has no faith in his son and he feels that he will not amount to anything. Mr. Birling prefers Gerald to his son. This is obvious as he is always flattering him and giving him more respect than to Eric. This is probably another way to make Eric feel bad, to maybe get him motivated. This is the sort of thing Mr. Birling says to Eric: I'm treating ... ... to help with the baby. All of the sequences connect well and very neatly which helps to give the play more tension; because of what one person, the next thing can happen, and because of what they did, the next thing can happen and so on. This makes the play more exciting and helps it flow better, which shows it is professional and well written. In conclusion to the question, J. B. Priestly creates tension through Conflict, Dramatic Irony, Interrogation Techniques, Relief, Creation of Doubt, chain of consequences and Mystery, and Shock. These methods of creating tension are very effective and ultimately there is a lot of tension in the play. The play can get exciting in certain places due to the tension of what will happen next; what effect will one thing have on another? All in all, the play is Very well written and the dramatic tension is excellent.

Nutrition Essay

1.Select a sweetener. Sucrose 2.Explore the history of the sweetener (when it was developed, its composition). Sucrose, according to our text, is composed of one glucose (the most common sugar molecule) molecule and one fructose (the sweetest natural sugar) molecule. The bond is called glycosidic linkage. Because of this mixture, Sucrose is known to be sweeter than lactose or maltose (the other 2 out of the 3 most common disaccharides, which is a carbohydrate compound consisting of 2 or more molecules joined together). The history of sucrose dates back to thousands and thousands of years ago when the sugar cane was discovered in the South Pacific, rumored specifically to have been found in New Guinea. Its molecular formula is C12H22O11. (taken from Wikipedia) 3.Discuss safety and the sweetener that you have selected. When pure, sucrose has an energy content of 3.94 kilocalories per gram, which helps give someone that instant â€Å"jolt of energy† they are looking for. This becomes unsafe when consumed in large amounts and when looking at it from a health standpoint, should not be used for that jolt. When using Sucrose in moderation, or small doses, it does not pose as may risk factors as it does when over consumed. Also, please note that there really is not any nutritional value in Sucrose itself. Typically, sucrose is spoken of as table sugar. The most common health risk of Sucrose would be linked to tooth decay and other dental issues. Other health issues linked to a diet with an over-abundance of sucrose would be hypoglycemia or diabetes mellitus. 4.Examine the relationship between the sweetener that you have selected and obesity. There is a lot to be said about sugars of any type in your diet. When it comes to Sucrose consumption leading to obesity, it really depends on the type and frequency of the consumption itself. For instance, some drinks containing high levels of sucrose may be linked to the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Also, as said above, it can lead to dental problems and possibly diabetes. It has also been assumed that Sucrose can lead to metabolic syndrome. This is a combination of medical disorders that can increase diabetes and cardiovascular diseases when working together. Because this occurs within the insulin-resistant, it does not necessarily mean you are obese if you’re diagnosed, but it does mean that it can increase ones chances of being obese. So when all is said in done, use Sucrose or any sweeteners for that fact, in low-moderation to avoid any health risks that result in the o ver consumption of Sucrose.

Essay on The Economy of Afghanistan - 1370 Words

The economy of Afghanistan has significantly enhanced since the decline of the Taliban in 2001 due to the infusion of international assistance, the recovery of the agricultural sector, and service sector growth. Regardless of the progress of the past few years, this country is extremely poverty stricken, highly dependent on foreign aid, and landlocked. A lot of the population continues to suffer from shortages of jobs, clean water, electricity, medical care, and housing. Offences, insecurity, lack of infrastructure, and the Afghan Governments difficulty in extending rule of law to all parts of the country produces obstacles to the future economic growth of Afghanistan. Afghanistans living standards are among the lowest in the world.†¦show more content†¦The stunting factor to the growth entrepreneurial of Afghanistan is that there is an inadequacy of availability to infrastructure and markets. The unemployment rate is at 35%. To put it in perspective its nearly 5 times higher than the unemployment rate of America. This country is far away from full employment to say the least. The misery index adds the inflation rate and the unemployment rate. 35% unemployment plus the 5.3 inflation rate leads to a misery index of 40.3, extremely high. However graphs show a positive trend when looking at the unemployment rate. Interests rate also affect the mindsets of home buyers. More specifically they are currently triggering doubt. Afghanistan’s property rights are damaged as it is. There is a weak protection due to lack of property registries and land tiling database. This leads to disputes over who owns land. An estimated 80% of land is sold informally. As stated above Afghanistan ranks 177th in the world for education. This displays the lack of school funding. With poor education, human capital weakens. Human capital also varies directly with entrepreneurship, productivity, and employment. Afghanistans Rule of Law is damaged to say the least. The government is corrupted from the president down to lower levels of government. Illegal opium trafficking fuels the economy with nothing to oppose it. This trafficking is all possible under the weaklyShow MoreRelatedThe Underground Economy in Afghanistan1040 Words   |  5 PagesThe underground economy is a very complex structure, functioning outside the restrictions of legal and tax systems (Tradelinks, 2013). It is also vastly known as the world’s fastest growing economy. Afghanistan is a country located in Southern Asia, East of Iran and North and West of Pakistan. According to the official CIA website, the total population of this war-torn country is 31,108,077 (2013). The country of Afghanistan is often in the eyes of the media, and has had some very tough times becauseRead MoreEssay about Recent Economy of Afghanistan1504 Words   |  7 Pagestheir servant Ali’s son Hassan. Growing up together in Afghanist an during times of peace, they are split up due to unruly events, and the Soviet raid. Leaving behind all their belongings, Amir and Baba escape to America while the place they called home is devastated as the Taliban take over and establish their own regime. Throughout the story, Hosseini’s writings depict the abrupt change in conditions experienced by the people of Afghanistan, as the cruel demeanor of this terrorist group’s reignRead MoreThe Soviet Withdrawal From Afghanistan1224 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1970s Afghanistan got most of its income from the international state system, but the societies were split between a rural and urban economy. The Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1989 created predation by commanders and smuggling into Pakistan because of this high risk environment peasants had to adapt. The Taliban was created by Afghan and Pakistan religious leaders to benefit from social capital because of commanders imposed heavy costs on trades between Pak istan and Afghanistan (Rubin,Read MoreDeveloped Country Vs. Developing Countries988 Words   |  4 Pagesthe titles that countries around the world are being labeled by based on the development of their economy and technological infrastructure. Although these countries may carry a likely similar name, they are however completely different in many ways. The two types countries usually differ in their environment, population, education , and living conditions. Most importantly, they obtain distinct economies, which makes them part of two different worlds. What is a developing and developed country, whatRead MoreAfghanistan War Essay1740 Words   |  7 Pagesstarted the war in Afghanistan. It’s been eight years since this incident, and the United States and President Obama still want to keep this war going. Next year they are going to send 30,000 troops to Afghanistan and Iraq. There are three reasons why they shouldn’t send them: one for their safety; two Afghanistan should keep their business to themselves; and three it’s going to affect the economy big time. First of all President Obama is going to send 30,000 troops to Afghanistan next year. My firstRead MoreThe Enduring Strategic Partnership Agreement915 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationship with Afghanistan, to help maintain Afghan sovereignty, maintain peace and prosperity between the United States and Afghanistan, and to take out our common enemy, Al Qaeda and all affiliates [with Al Qaeda].† Another goal of this treaty is to create a functioning democratic government by 2022. The agreement also states that we will help Afghanistan start and maintain a democracy. The Enduring Strategic Partnership Agreement affects the Afghanistan military, geography, economy, and the relationshipsRead MoreWhy Did The Us Invade Afghanistan1158 Words   |  5 PagesWhy did the US invade Afghanistan in 2001? Theoretically, it holds that the United States (US) invaded Afghanistan as a self-defense strategy following the 9/11 attacks. Practically, however, as US foreign policy is about conquest, self-protection and resource-extraction, it seeks strategic dominance of geographical space to sustain its global relevance. The rationality of the US suggests the need to continuously accumulate capital, resources and military proficiency to ensure autonomy. ThereforeRead MoreThe Impact Of Tajikistan On The United States Of The Soviet Union1589 Words   |  7 Pagesconsiderable amounts of turmoil. When it was first declared a sovereign nation it was plunged very quickly in to civil war. The war led to a quick decline in the nation’s economy. This war crippled the nation leaving Tajikistan very weak in the June of 1997 when the war finally drew to a close. This civil war weakened Tajikistan’s legitimate economy and left many people to â€Å"rely on the revenues of illicit opiate trade†. Tajikistan is slowly recovering from the effects of becoming a new nation, plagued withRead MoreThe war on terrorism in Afghanistan has been the longest war in the history of the United States of1100 Words   |  5 Pagesterrorism in Afghanistan has been the longest war in the history of the United States of America, the war that nobody wanted is finally coming to an end. Ever since the September 11th attack on the twin towers in the heart of New York, the United States has led a 13 year long war on terrorism in the war-torn country, Afghanistan. The ending of the war is a major turning point in the history of America and Afghanistan. The ending of the war will be the greatest test on the people of Afghanistan to see howRead MoreJesuit College Preparatory School. . Hot Spot: Bolshevik1564 Words   |  7 PagesJESUIT COLLEGE PREPARATORY SCHOOL HOT SPOT: Bolshevik Revolution and Taliban in Afghanistan A RESEARCH PAPER SUBMITTED TO MR. TRIPLETT SOCIAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT BY Maxwell Abmas DALLAS, TEXAS MAY 12, 2017 The Islamic fundamentalist group known as the Taliban continues to act as a dominant group in Afghanistan even 14 years after the invasion by the US. The Taliban ruled Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001 when an invasion led by the US collapsed the regime due to the Taliban providing

Living Like Weasels, Shooting An Elephant, And Virginia Woolf

The human is the most complex living being on the face of this earth, yet human roots are sometimes forgotten. Through Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, it is clear that animals are the brothers and sisters of the human race. In turn, human habits resemble those of all the living beings which creates unity between all walks of life, determining the same fate for all. A similar concept relates the three works: Living Like Weasels, Shooting an Elephant, and The Death of a Moth by Annie Dillard, George Orwell, and Virginia Woolf respectively. The authors explore the nature of such creatures in order to achieve a better understanding of their motives, all the while gaining insight on the cycle of life. Both Living Like Weasels by†¦show more content†¦Woolf paints a similar picture as the moth’s â€Å"legs agitated themselves once more...the enemy against which he struggled†¦was [somehow] opposed to the...moth...It was useless to do anything†¦One coul d only watch the extraordinary efforts made by those tiny legs against an oncoming doom,† being death (Woolf 195). This story parallels that of Orwell’s and explores the moments before the unavoidable force of death sweeps one away. The essays show that it is â€Å"useless† for anyone to do anything in this â€Å"powerless† state because the time has come. All one is left to do is to endure the pain as the senses are slowly removed and as he/she transitions onwards, displaying that change is also a part of the cycle of life, and one must develop patience and endurance to handle change. Moreover, Dillard’s and Woolf’s pieces investigates the process of death, the end of the cycle. Dillard believes that by â€Å"grasp[ing] your one necessity and not let[ting] it go, to dangle from it limp wherever it takes you. Then even death†¦cannot you part† (Dillard 66). In other words, one should seize their destiny till their body decomposes i n the ground,

Similarities And Differences Between Martin Luther King Jr...

Even after almost fifty-years, Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X endure as cherished, powerful, and instrumental leaders in the Civil Rights Movement. Although they were advocating for the same cause, they were not always on the same page about the means. They were both ministers, although of different faiths, and had different thought processes. In his autobiography, Malcolm discusses his childhood in poverty and the ramifications that this caused such as dropping out of school in the eight-grade. Upon moving to Boston from Nebraska, Malcolm was in yet another disadvantaged environment that was interwoven with violence, eventually leading to his incarceration that lasted six years. Martin, however, was a well-educated man from a†¦show more content†¦When it came to violence, Martin opposed, feeling that there was a thin line between aggression and defense. He felt that violence would lead to death and a spiral, making things worse rather than fixing them. In Martinâ€⠄¢s ‘Where Do We Go From Here† speech from August 1967, he states â€Å"Through violence, you may murder a liar, but you can’t establish truth†¦ murder a hater, but you can’t murder hate... Darkness cannot put out darkness; only light can do that.† Malcolm on the other hand, spoke of self-preservation and self-defense. He saw the whites as the ones guilty of violence throughout history, and now it was the time for African-Americans to stand up for themselves. Martin felt that black Americans should be paid for the long history of oppression and should have equal rights. Although both men had experiences that shaped their different philosophies, once involved in Civil Rights they had similar experiences. Both men had seen and felt prejudice, been to jail, got death threats, homes attacked. The difference was how to respond to these instances. Martin wanted to get the prejudice and brutality in the spotlight, using non-violent means to cause an em otional reaction to spark change. Malcolm wanted African-Americans to take things into their own hands, with violence being a tool. Both men got their messages across through speeches, which were also different. Malcolm liked to get the people riled up, he wasShow MoreRelatedDifferences and Similarities Between Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr.866 Words   |  4 Pagesyou   compare   Martin   Luther   King   and   Malcolm   X,   you   will   know   instantly   that   this   is   true.   There   are   many   differences   between   the   two,   apart   from   the   striking   one:   that   Martin   Luther   King   was   a   very good   statesmen   who   delivered   moving   speeches   about   peace,   freedom   and   democracy   while   Malcolm   X   was   a   known   eradicator   of   those   who   were   not   of   the   superior   white   race.   The   beliefs   of   Martin   Luther   King   and   Malcolm   X   may   stem   from  Read MoreEssay Philosophies and Tactics of Dr. King and Malcolm X1492 Words   |  6 Pagesminorities. Among them, Martin Luther King and Malcolm X had an everlasting effect on the treatment of minorities in the United States. Although their philosophies and tactics differed greatly, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X helped shape the Civil Rights Movement and make the United States a better place for people regardless of their race. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X had different beliefs and goals for the Civil Rights Movement. While Martin Luther King Jr. took a more peacefulRead MoreCompare And Contrast Martin Luther King And Malcolm X1075 Words   |  5 PagesLeaders Martin Luther King Jr and Malcolm X were very huge leading figures during the Civil Rights movement. Though they had many differences, they had some similarities. Both men’s fathers were preachers and both men were religious preachers themselves. Dr. King and Malcolm X were around the same age and they were both assassinated. Coincidentally, both men had the same number of children and eventually they had the same ideologies for the Civil Rights Movement. However, Dr. King and Malcolm X wereRead MoreI Have A Dream Allusion Essay700 Words   |  3 Pages Martin Luther King Jr. portrays the message in his speech â€Å"I Have a Dream† that the Constitution guarantees to everyone the rights of equality and freedom no matter their skin color. In the speeches â€Å"I Have a Dream† by Martin Luther King Jr. and â€Å"The Gettysburg Address† by Abraham Lincoln, the authors, both use allusions similar and different from each other to convey the message that every one is guaranteed the rights of equality and freedom. A similarity in their use of allusions is that they bothRead MoreMalcolm X vs. Martin Luther King Jr.1723 Words   |  7 Pagesassemble a specific group of people, for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X it was the black community that needed to rise up in hopes of achieving equal rights and voting rights for the blacks. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent leaders and orators at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. Although both leaders possessed the same objectives, their outlooks and perspectives differed immensely. The main primary difference focused on their willingness to employRead MoreMalcolm X Vs. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagesa specific group of people, for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X it was the black community that needed to rise up in hopes of achieving equal rights and voting rights for the blacks. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent leaders and orators at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. Although both leaders possessed the same objectives, their outlooks and perspectives differed immensely. The main primary difference focused on their willingness to employRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. vs. Malcolm X1263 Words   |  6 Pages* Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X are two people on different ends of the scales, with totally different up-bringings. * King was brought up by a rich black family,with a good education, and a good chance at life. He was a black aristocrat, and a wealthy man. * Malcolm X was brought up in the ghetto, and had to learn to defend himself against racist white children. He was deptived of his father, who was found dead, murdered by a white mob. His mother became mentally ill so he wasRead MoreMartin Luther King And Malcolm X988 Words   |  4 Pagesand why the way we are today. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X are two very great examples and representations for this. What people do not realize is that there are a lot of similarities and differences between Malcolm and Martin. Martin was born and raised as a middle classes men and was extremely educated. On the other hand, Malcolm was not raised like Malcolm at all. Malcolm grew up in a deplorable environment and no school was around for Malcolm. Martin believed that violence was neverRead MoreMalcolm X : An Influential Leader Of The Civil Rights Era1556 Words   |  7 PagesMalcolm X was one of the most influential leaders of the civil rights era, along with Martin Luther King Jr. I have chosen this speech because I think it shows prime examples of rhetoric. This speech was very important to the people of the civil rights movement as it motivated and empowered them not to back down and to fight back with force. He was adamant in his resistance to white oppression and very militant in his actions. He both invigorated and separated the African Americans throughRead MoreCompare And Contrast Martin Luther King And Religion1219 Words   |  5 PagesEarly on in his famous letter, Martin Luther King Jr. writes: â€Å"I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership conference† (King 2). In a similar fashion, Malcolm X states in the third paragraph of his speech: â€Å"Although I am still a Muslim, I’m not here to discuss my religion† (X 24). Both making their religions clear, but the way they approach religion in the two texts are starkly different from one another. Both, in a way, touch on religion in such a way to respond

Mandatory Child Development and Parenting Classes Free Essays

There should be a law prohibiting teenage pregnancy.   It would be impossible to make such a law, since the country’s prisons would be filled with fifteen year-old-mothers. A law should, however, be made requiring mandatory child development and parenting classes before high school graduation. We will write a custom essay sample on Mandatory Child Development and Parenting Classes or any similar topic only for you Order Now The statistics concerning teenage pregnancy are frightening.   One teenager each minute becomes pregnant, in 2004 420,000 babies were born to teenage mother in the United States, and 67% of teenage mothers drop out of high school (Horizon Solutions, 2006). Three out of ten girls get pregnant before the age of twenty at an average of 750,000 girls per year (National Campaign, 2006). Girls as young as thirteen are becoming parents and often with no support from the equally young and inexperienced fathers.   The grandparents are then either forced to raise their grandchildren or the young unprepared girls are forced to give up their future plans to become parents much too early.  Most schools in the nation currently offer child development and parenting classes as electives for those who are interested in childcare.   Since most young teenagers will eventually become parents, however, it should be mandatory to prepare them for their future roles. Most public schools in the United States teach sexual education, which includes ways to prevent pregnancy.   Unfortunately, this has not significantly decreased the occurrences of teenage pregnancy.   When compared to the statistics of teenagers in other countries the united States ranks high in the number of pregnancies, because of the differences in how teenagers are prepared for parenting and the expectations for them (Guttmacher).   Part of the differences are that the young people in other countries are not taught to be ashamed to admit to having sex and are taught to be more responsible about preventing pregnancy.   In this country many adults are uncomfortable talking to their children about sex (Coloroso 228). The better young people are educated about and prepared for male-female relationships in early adolescence the less likely they are to give in to peer pressure (Campbell 51). In most schools, no student can graduate without learning about American History, government, English or science.   Students are taught how to have children and usually how to prevent it, but it is not required for them to learn how to care for the children after they have them.   Unless they come from large families, many young people have no idea how much responsibility is required in caring for an infant.   If they did, maybe they would take more precautions to avoid this until they were ready for the responsibility.   If a law was made to make it mandatory for all freshman high school students to take child development and parenting classes, all teenagers would have a better understanding of the responsibilities involved.   This would make them more likely to take better precautions to avoid teenage pregnancy. Parenting is not easy at any age, but when parenting is combined with dating, and trying to finish high school, it can be overwhelming.   When young girls discover they are about to become a parent, they can go through a range of emotions.   Some do not want to take on the responsibility of parenting.   These girls are faced with the difficult choice of abortion or adoption.   If she chooses to put her child up for adoption, she and the father both have to sign their parental rights over to the adoptive parents (Gay 6).  Ã‚   Some of the girls feel happy about having a baby they may see it as playing house or as an accomplishment (American Academy, 2004).   These girls have no real idea how much responsibility is involved in caring for infants.   They often like the idea of caring for someone. The problem is the people who are currently taking the elective parenting courses are usually the ones who know something about caring for infants and are interested in the subject.   These people already know a little of the responsibility and often are the ones least likely to be teen parents. By making the classes mandatory, those who think it is like playing house or have no idea about babies will get more information.   Many of these classes teach students what to expect throughout the first few years of life.   Infants especially in the first weeks of life need very much of the parent’s time and can be exhausting, and they cry a great deal (Preston 11).   The average day in the life of a mother with an infant consists of waking at approximately 3:00 a.m. and getting very little rest until late the next night.    It involves diaper changes, feedings and constant attention to someone helpless and fragile (O’Callahan 66). When the young people actually begin to realize what life is like for a parent, they can see the consequences of being careless in sexual relationships.   In recent years a new trend has become part of child development class.   Many schools have started using programmable dolls, which cry during the night, need changed, fed and held.   These dolls are amazingly lifelike and can provide young people an idea of what it is really like to be a parent (Memorial Community, n.d.). Teaching young people what parenting is like is sometimes more effective than teaching them methods of birth control or about the risks of disease.   In addition to the dolls, child development and parenting courses teach young people how to cope when they do have children. The good news is the message is getting out.   The number of teenagers age fifteen to nineteen who have reported having sex has decreased by just over 13% since 1991 and the number of teen pregnancies has dropped by 36% in the same amount of time (National Campaign, 2006).   There was a trend in the country for a while where teens were not afraid for parents to know they were having sex, but they did not have enough facts to keep from getting pregnant.   With the increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases, the education about the use of contraception has helped teenagers become more responsible about using birth control to avoid disease and thus pregnancy. If all school districts were mandated to require these classes using the teaching dolls and statistics as a requirement for graduation like they do math and science, students might have a better knowledge of what it takes to be parents.   This would help them know they wanted to wait until they were ready to have children.   It could teach them the financial, emotional and physical requirements involved in having and raising children.   Education is the key to knowledge and knowledge is required to make responsible choices.   In order to teach the teenagers in the United States to make responsible choices, there needs to be a law requiring the system to educate them. Works Cited Campbell, Dr. Ross. How to Really Love Your Child. Wheaton: Victor Books, 1988 Coloroso, Barbara. Kids Are Worth It. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1994 Gay, Kathlyn. Abortion Understanding the Debate. Berkeley Heights: Enslow Publishers, Inc., 2004 â€Å"MCH Foundation Partners With Schools to Provide â€Å"Baby Think it Over† Dolls.† Memorial Community Hospital and Health System, 1 May 2007 http://www.mchhs.org/news/BabyThinkitOver.htm Preston, Penny. What Every Mother Needs to Know About Her Baby’s First Year. Portland, Maine: Ronnie Sellers Productions, Inc. 2006 â€Å"Reality Works Infant Simulator and Real Care Parenting Program.† 18 September 2006 Horizon Solutions Site, 1 May 2007http://www.solutions-site.org/artman/publish/article_47.shtml O’Callahan, Kitty. â€Å"A Day in the Life of a Mom.† Baby Talk September 2005: 66-7 â€Å"Sex Education: Needs, Programs and Policies.†December2006.TheGuttmacher Institute 1 May 2007 http://www.guttmacher.org/presentations/sex_ed.pdf The National Organization to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. 1 May 2007. http.www.teenpregnancy.org â€Å"When Children Have Children.† July 2004, American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1 May 2007 http://www.aacap.org/page.ww?name =When+Children+Have+Childrension=Facts+For+Families How to cite Mandatory Child Development and Parenting Classes, Essay examples

Small Group Theories free essay sample

Theories are built when we observe a phenomenon and witness a repeated pattern of events for which warrant explanation. Theory is simply the organization of information to explain and ultimately predict a phenomenon. A scientific theory allows us to make reasonably precise predictions. Theory: A Practical Approach to Group Communication Theory helps us recognize the presence of conditions that call for certain actions. Explanatory Function helps to understand a process and the ways in which different facets of it are related. (diagnosis) helps make sense of the processes involved when people interact with others in a group. Communication is the driving force that moves groups toward their goals. Theoretical Perspectives for the Study of Small Group Communication Small group theory attempts to explain and predict small group phenomena. Social Exchange Theory Groups remain attractive to their members as long as the rewards of group membership exceed the costs. Rewards include fellowship, job satisfaction, achievement, status, goal achievement, personal need fulfillment. Costs include frustration, mental effort, anxiety, embarrassment. Cohesiveness and Productivity are directly related to how rewarding the group experience is to its members. Rules Theory For successful communication to take place, group members must share followable, prescriptive rules that structure their interaction. Rules can be understood as if-then statements. Underlying principle is a condition-action structure of rules. A Rule is a followable prescription that indicates what behavior is obligated, preferred, or prohibited in certain contexts. Group theory and research refers to rules as norms. Once established, group norms direct the groups activities. Understanding rules theory and its application to small groups can help you to encourage norms which are productive and avoid those that are dysfunctional. Systems Theory The small group is an open system composed of interdependent elements-that receives input, processes the input, and yields anoutput. Systems theory provides the most prevalent approach to the study of small groups. It represents the most promising perspective on small group communication (flexible, large # of variables that influence small group interaction). Symbolic Convergence Theory Group members develop a group consciousness and identity through the sharing of fantasies or stories which are often chained together and have a common theme. Explains how certain types of communication shape a groups identity and culture, which in turn influence other dynamics such as norms, roles, and decision making. Over time groups develop a collective consciousness with shared emotions, motives, and meanings. A fantasy theme consists of the common or related content of the stories the group tells. A fantasy chain is a string of connected stories that revolve around a common theme. Structuration Theory People use rules and resources in interaction to structure social systems. Helps explain why and how groups develop the rules and behavior patterns they adopt. Especially useful in helping understand group communication within broader organizational cultures. New Technologies and Small Group Communication Theory New information technologies are restructuring how we communicate. Group Decision Support System (GDSS) any computer-based information system used to support intellectual collaborative work. GDSSs include technological support for agenda setting, rules for discussion (parliamentary procedure), and communication technologies that allow multiple users to interact simultaneously. New technologies will increasingly reshape how groups make decisions and solve problems. Technology does not necessarily result in any particular group outcome; it is how the group works technology into its interaction that has the impact. A Descriptive Approach to Small Group Communication The constellation model is a comprehensive framework that suggests features and relationships critical to an understanding of small group communication. The framework depicts small group communication as a constellation of variables, each related to every other. Communication establishes and maintains the relationships among these essential variables. The seven essential variables are communication, leadership, goals, norms, roles, cohesiveness, and situation. Small group communication theory seeks to explain the relationships among these and other variables and to make predictions based on such explanations. Putting Principles into Practice Scientific theories explain consistencies in communicative behavior that researchers have observed within small groups. Theories allow us to predict the probable consequences of various actions. Observe groups of which you are a member. As you do apply the following theories: Social exchange theory to describe satisfaction levels. Systems theory to organize interpretations of group actions. Symbolic convergence theory to understand the group personality (rules, roles, decision making). Structuration theory- to increase your influence in any group. The practicality of our theories is measured only by how we can use them to be more effective group leaders, members, and scholars. Exercises List of Informal Theories about Ordinary Day Rules that Govern Behavior in Groups: If . . . Then The Importance of Situation (context) Class Simulation